Six Dimension Space Expansion

My purpose in presenting this paper is to give a quick overview of a whole new concept of existence. I will not delve into the details of how this is because I want to present the big picture and not get sidetracked in fine details. I have a published a little book called “Are We Just Bubbles” that goes into the specifics a little further if anyone is interested. The book can be found on line at Amazon or other book outlets. 
 Because our current thoughts on the existence of the Universe are based on observations that we have made, and those observations are based on basic units of measure that we have assumed to be constant, we might be in error if those assumptions are not true. I believe that I have discovered a whole new way we can be existing and still see the Universe as we currently do. This concept deviates radically from the traditional Big Bang idea of what the Universe is, and provides causes for the mysterious invisible actions of gravity and inertia, the space-time connection, speed of light mystery, etc. and the definition of energy with its mass-energy equivalence.
 Instead of everything being present at a point in the beginning as energy, this “Big Fizz” concept proposes that the Universe is in a perpetual state of creation from within every point in the Universe.
In our everyday experiences, we think of expansion of an object much like the inflation of a balloon. The three dimensional volume of space that the object occupies grows with the passage of time. We consider space as fixed and independent of object expansion. The Big Bang model assumes that all of what the Universe is was contained in a point like volume at its very beginning near the beginning of time, and has been expanding since. Our three dimensional x,y,z space is measured in units of length such as the meter, and we assume that our length measurement is constant throughout all of empty space, even that which the Universe does yet not occupy. We assume that length dimensions as we use them remains constant in that new space. For instance, if a tennis ball was at the boundary of the Universe, and it moved out further due to expansion, the tennis ball would still maintain its original size and volume (as we measure it) in the new space. We assume that the empty space within our Universe is the same as that outside of our Universe, and that matter can travel through that space the same as it does within our Universe boundaries.
In the early twentieth century, Einstein showed that space and time are connected, and that they are not independent of one another. And somehow, this space-time fabric is warped by gravity. We have no clue why that is. Einstein predicted it through his mathematical modeling in the theory of relativity, and it has been observed to be true, but mathematics is not the cause of the action. Mother nature acts according to her will, not because of our logic. And to complicate matters, late in the twentieth century, it was discovered that there is no particular center point to the Universe expansion. It appears the expansion is centered everywhere, that is, expansion from any point in the Universe is always outward.
Now conceptually this is a difficult thing to grasp. How can this be? All expansion that we are familiar with always has a point about which the whole thing is expanding. Why isn't the Universe expanding around its original point that was at the beginning of time? You will see some try to show this like an expanding balloon with points marked on it. Everywhere on the surface of the balloon, the dots grow further and further apart with balloon inflation. But really this is only a curved 2D surface model. How do you model it in 3D? Some have used the raisins in a muffin analogy where the raisins get further and further apart as the dough rises. But this is hard to understand too since it can't be related to the Big Bang model easily.
So now with all of the complicated factors of General Relativity, Hubble expansion, and the space-time gravity connections, how are we going to develop a model that will describe all of this behavior accurately? In order to do this we must go back to the very beginning and make sure we haven't overlooked something in our assumptions that might be causing the quandary.
Length is one of the main measurements we use when making observations in our Universe. It appears to us to be constant with time. We also assume that it is constant throughout the Universe. Additionally, we assume that a volume of empty space in our Universe, which has length cubed units, is constant with time and is consistent throughout the Universe. Or in other words, we assume that the space medium in which all of the Universe is contained is consistent throughout and doesn't change with time. This assumption is what makes it hard to see why the Universe is expanding about any point that is picked within it. We think that space can't expand because we think of it as empty. How can nothingness expand?
Let's go back to the very basic idea of length measurements and examine them. What do we do when we measure the length of something? Length measurements are essentially the act of comparing two distances of space to one another. The very first thing you unconsciously do is to assume that the object you are going to measure is finite in length (has a beginning and end) and that it is constant (not changing in length while you try to measure it). Then you take another finite and constant object which was set up as a measurement standard length (a ruler), and compare that to the length of the object being measured. For instance, to measure a line drawn on a piece of paper, you have to find the line's beginning and ending points. Then to measure the line in some measurement units, you take the fixed length reference (a ruler) and compare it to the line’s length. The comparison is done in the form of a ratio, and the reference’s name becomes the units of measurement (inches, meters, etc.). These units are then assigned to the ratio.

(Object Length)/(Reference Length) units

When we say that a line is 0.1 cm long, what we really mean is that the line starting at zero ends at a fractional ratio of 1/10 of our reference’s one centimeter length. The one centimeter reference is based upon a tangible unchanging standard. Both the reference and the line being measured have a beginning and an end. Typically, we have a ruler which may be multiple standard lengths long, and this ruler has graduations on it in fractional and integer multiples of the reference length.

To the left of 1 we have linear fractional divisions to the finest degree, and we define the beginning of the ruler as zero length. To the right of 1 we have linear graduations in integer multiples of the reference and fractional subdivisions between each of them. With the ruler, we can read off the ratio of the measured length to the reference length directly. For instance, to measure a line, the beginning points of the ruler and the line are placed upon one another (coincident) beyond any discernible fractional increment, and we define this as the beginning point (at zero length). The ending point of the line being measured is matched coincident upon the ruler to the finest degree, and the measurement ratio is read directly off of the ruler.

In addition to measuring actual objects that have length, we commonly use the concept of applying a negative length to represent the length of absent objects. For example we might say the board was two inches too long and we need to add minus two inches to it (cut it off) to make it the right length. Or if the board was too short, we might need to take off the negative two inches (add two inches to it). But remember, this is just a way to adjust real objects, and these negative length objects do not actually exist in the physical universe.

Infinity vs. a Measurable Quantity

“I'll love you forever and ever and ever!” We've heard this before, and some of us have even said it to the ones we love, but what is forever? It's an idea that time has no end, and yet we have experienced nothing in our surroundings, or even in the Universe that would suggest that time goes on forever. Everything we have seen or experienced has a time when it starts and when it ends, stars are born, live and then die. We think the Universe is “exploding” as time passes and that there was an almost zero time when it began. We don't know if it has an end or not for sure, but we do know that it appears to be expanding and “cooling” as though it will die a frozen death. All physical objects (with mass) have a finite size, and so on. So, let's really look at what infinity means in a finite universe. We will start with the “length” concept of an infinite line.

One thing that may not be so obvious is that an infinite line has no beginning or end. Another thing is that if it exists, it always has a positive length dimension. It is never zero or negative. So how can we represent this line in a finite space so that we can deal with it in our finite Universe? The answer is, we will only look at a portion of it, and make a scale on it with measurement units that can “slide” along the infinite line to adjust for whatever fixed finite unit of measurements we are using. (The reason that infinite lines are mentioned here is because if we consider our Universe finite, and it is and has been expanding since it began, we need to place ourselves and the Universe in the infinite empty Void that we are expanding into.)  Note that an infinite volume has no particular origin, you can start anywhere.

Now to use infinity in our finite Universe, we can pick an arbitrary fixed and constant length standard (a meter for instance), and use that scale on our infinite ruler to measure distances in our Universe. The ruler still has no beginning or end, but we can start our measurement at the finest point discernible on our open origin, and we can extend the other end as far as we need to make the measurement at a distance from our starting point. In doing this however, we have made the assumption that there has always been a fixed and unchanging meter length relative to the space our Universe is expanding into (absolute space). And that as far as we know, this space might as well be infinite because we cannot see it and see no bounds to it. We assume that the beginning point we have chosen has always been there, even though the objects in the Universe we are measuring may not have been there at one point in time.

The assumption that our meter reference is constant and unchanging in absolute space might be false though. Our standards may be unchanging relative to the Universe as we observe them, but that doesn't necessarily mean they are unchanging to the absolute space the Universe is expanding into. This is something that we cannot see and is outside of our realm of observation.

I propose that there are actually six dimensions of length measurement; three that are seen and three that are not seen. There are the three familiar visible X,Y,Z Cartesian coordinates of space that are measured in meters, and there are the three X',Y',Z' invisible coordinates of the infinite Void that the Universe is expanding into which has to be measured with a ruler in units based upon the initial size of the Universe at its onset, and whose units are unchanging with the passage of Universe time and expansion.  These units I have named as Prinches, the initial diameter of the Universe when it came into existence.

Our Universe is composed of a fundamental component; a finite amount of invisible expanding Space Bubbles that are invisibly expanding into the infinite Void in Princh units. They are the only component the entire Universe is made of, and there is nowhere that these bubbles do not exist in our Universe. Our visible space is composed of the least dense of these bubbles with a density of one. The invisible X',Y',Z' volume expansion of these bubbles from within into the infinite empty Void is what causes all of the physical properties of the Universe: Energy, Time, Gravity, Inertia, Electromagnetic Energy, fields of all types, etc. There is nothing else in our Universe! These invisible bubbles make up all matter and vacuum space. Visible matter is just a dense “clump” of space bubbles, and the mass of the matter is directly proportional to the density of the space bubbles relative to the vacuum space bubbles (whose density is unity).

As previously stated, vacuum space is composed entirely and solely of vacuum space bubbles with no voids between them. This 3D matrix of bubbles is stationary within the expanding Universe. Objects of matter with mass can move within the stationary vacuum space medium, and this is the motion that we can detect and observe. However, vacuum space and all matter is expanding invisibly in 3 dimensional X',Y',Z' absolute dimensions into the Void at a rate that defines the speed of light!

All measurements of distance that we can observe are not actually constant in the Void space. Visible distance measurements and movement of matter in Universe space are relative to the apparent stationary vacuum space medium. Visible length measurements are made by comparing two distances of visible space to one another, which is essentially equivalent to comparing a quantity of space bubbles to one another. But since all of the bubbles are expanding from within, we cannot see the absolute expansion, only that the quantity of bubbles between the two measured points has remained constant or has changed.

As I mentioned earlier, all of the intangible properties of the Universe are due to the invisible expansion of space bubbles from within. These bubbles are forcefully trying to expand against one another, and as a result form into flat sided polyhedrons with no voids between them. Since the expansion forces within each bubble are equal, an equilibrium in the overall expansion rate of vacuum space is reached, and an effective “space pressure” develops in the space medium. This pressure may not be consistent throughout all of Universe space, and might vary depending upon the position of the volume being considered relative to the Universe boundaries. The closer to the boundary one gets, the weaker the space pressure, and since the expansion rate is dependent upon the space pressure (increases as the pressure gets lower), the expansion rate increases as the boundary is approached.

All physical existence and associated properties of the Universe are dependent upon the invisible expansion of space bubbles from within into the Void of absolute space!

 Time is a function of the invisible linear expansion of the space bubbles into the absolute space of the Void (first order expansion). So, how about the space-time connection? Anything affecting the linear expansion of space, such as a mass moving through it at a significant speed relative to space expansion, will also affect the passage of time in that space. Absolute energy (could also be called the Dark Energy of Existence) is the third order volume expansion of the space bubbles into the invisible X',Y',Z' Void of Absolute Space. The visible energy that we observe in our Universe is a result of a differential expansion between two portions of Universe space. This happens when a mass of clumped space bubbles suddenly expands to a higher absolute volume of space relative to the surrounding space. This is the cause of the apparent mass-energy equivalency, and the speed of light expansion connection (E=mc^2). The visible energy always seems to be conserved because the volume expansion with the amount of mass and the equivalent visible energy exhibited is always constant, even though absolute energy is being expended and is not conserved. This is also why apparent entropy exists.

Gravity and inertial forces are due to the imbalance in space pressure around objects of mass in a direction that is perpendicular to tangential surfaces around the object (Z' direction). The electromagnetic forces are due to the imbalance in space pressure around objects of mass that are parallel to the tangential surfaces around an object, and perpendicular to each other (X',Y' direction) Any type of energy or forces traveling as waves through space (such as electromagnetic energy or gravitational forces), do so through ripples in the absolute expansion of space passed one bubble to the other at the speed of expansion. This is why light speed seems constant to us, even though it can vary in different volumes of absolute space. When the space pressure approaches the expansive pressure within the space bubbles, expansion all but stops. When this happens as in a Black Hole, all of the surrounding space continues to expand giving the appearance of matter being condensed in the Black Hole. Also, since time depends upon the linear expansion of space bubbles into Absolute Space, time approaches a stop, and no light or ripples of expansion can be transmitted from it (causing it to appear black).

(c) Dan Bowlds Dec. 2019